If you are at all interested in pedestrian safety issues or are looking for possible funding for your traffic calming project, you should know about the federal Safe Routes To School (SRTS) program. The idea is to improve the ability for children to walk or ride their bikes to school. Not a bad idea for a generation that has gotten used to being chauffeured from one place to another. The program offers training, education, events and funding.

Of course, a big part of that funding goes towards grants that states can use to improve traffic safety. I recently came across an article that explained how the city of New Hope, Minnesota did just that.

With an SRTS grant of $31,200 the Minnesota Department of Transportation implemented a variety of actions to slow traffic around its Sunny Hollow Elementary School. Since the school is surrounded by busy streets, few of the students walk or bike to school. During the morning commute, local traffic is congested with parents driving to school in order to deliver their kids to the front of the building.

While a portion of the grant will be used for training and education, the majority of the funds will be used to purchase three radar speed signs. The signs will be installed next to current speed limit signs and are intended to remind drivers to check their own speed and make sure they are within the limits.

Sounds simple, but it works. A variety of government studies have shown that radar speed displays are particularly effective around neighborhood streets and school yards.

Next step? The city plans to apply for additional grants to fund similar projects near other elementary schools in the state. 

I HEARD A disturbing statistic a while back that I can’t seem to get out of my mind. Information Display Company had loaned some radar speed signs to Feet First, a great organization all about getting kids (and their parents) to walk rather than drive to and from school. One of Feet First’s directors told me that half of school children hit by cars in school zones are actually hit by parents of students at the same school. I would think that of all the drivers on the road during school hours, these drivers would be most cognoscente of the potential hazards and therefore the most cautious. Apparently not.

Then I came across a new report just put out by Safe Kids USA that might explain this phenomenon. The report, entitled Distracted Drivers In School Zones: A National Report, highlights some statistics regarding driving behavior – particularly in school zones. What they found was that school zone drivers are often distracted and distractions have a real impact on safe driving. Consider some of these statistics highlighted in the report:

• It takes about .25 seconds for an average driver to identify a road hazard (such as a child running out into the street)
• It takes another .25 seconds for the brain to process the situation
• And another .25 seconds for the driver to determine his/her course of action

As the report lays out, if the driver is traveling 30 mph in a school zone, his car will go 33 feet before he even reacts to the hazard.  THEN…

The car will travel another 33 feet by the time the driver applies the brakes…

and another 38 feet before the car actually stops.

Total braking distance from the moment the child is spotted till the car stops…104 feet.

That is IF the road is dry and IF visibility is clear and IF the driver is totally attentive.

On the other hand, if he or she is distracted  – say, by a cell phone call, or a GPS device, or a talk show host, or grooming, or kids in the back seat, or…Well, let’s just say, stopping distance can be greatly larger.

The Harvard Center of Risk Analysis estimates that, in 2003, cell phone use by drivers was a factor in 636,000 crashes involving 12,000 major injuries and 2,600 deaths. Now, add to this other distractions like eating or reaching for that CD cover under the seat.

One more quick bit of information. In 1999, the U.S. Department of Transportation issued a report that highlighted the impact that the speed of a car has on the severity of injuries once an accident does occur. According to the report, only 5 percent of pedestrians would die if hit by a car traveling 20 mph or less. This fatality rate jumps 8X – to 40 percent – when the car is traveling just 10 mph faster, and 80 percent when traveling 40 mph.

So if there was a way to slow drivers just a bit – say from 30 to 20 mph – while driving through a school zone AND a way to draw driver attention from distractions back to their own driving speed, we can make a real impact on the number of accidents and the severity of injuries that occur in school zones.

And that, in a nutshell, is the reason why studies show radar speed signs to be so effective at increasing pedestrian safety in school zones. Long after speed limit signs and school zone posting have become all but invisible to passing drivers, radar speed signs continue to grab driver attention and refocus attention away from distractions and back on their own driving speed.

I really like Feet First’s idea of getting our children back in the habit of walking and riding their bikes to school. I like it even better when I know we are doing all we can to increase pedestrian safety around school zones. The evidence clearly points us in the required direction – eliminating driver distractions and reducing speeds.

Speed bumps. Just say the word in a crowd and chances are you’ll soon start arguments that’ll make today’s town hall meetings seem sedate. While most everyone agrees speeding cars pose a real danger to school children and other pedestrians, there is a growing contingent of people who are fervently opposed to the use of speed bumps.

While protests against these axle-grinding obstructions continue to top the news throughout the U.K., stateside opposition has also begun to make headlines. From Los Angeles to Tampa Bay; Salt Lake City to Mesa Grande, newspaper articles highlight the fact that citizens across the country are up in arms about the disconcerting use of speed bumps by local governments looking to slow traffic.

There are now social network groups such as The Anti Speed Bump Club on Facebooks and organizations like The National Motorists Association and CRASH (Citizens Against Speed Humps), web sites such as No Speed Bumps.com, and bloggers such as Richard Layman in Washington D.C. and Cartype in Chicago. There are forums and essays, commentators and editorials – all who’ve had enough with this antiquated and obstructive means of slowing traffic.

Do speed bumps work? Sure, for the 1 to 3 feet of space that they take up on the road. But according to several government studies, drivers often try to make up the “lost time” or just relieve their frustrations over their use by speeding up between each bump.

Other reasons that a growing number of people are saying “no” to speed bumps in their neighborhood include:

1. They impede emergency vehicles
2. They simply divert traffic to streets without the obstructions
3. They increase traffic noise
4. They reduce fuel efficiency
5. They increase pollution
6. They ruin car suspension
7. They can be a hazard to wheelchairs and bicyclists

The troubling part of all this is that there are traffic-calming solutions that are more effective and less troublesome. In some cases, simple changes to street design can have a huge impact on slowing cars. Radar speed signs have also proven to be highly effective and highly rated by neighborhoods where they are employed.

Bottom line: speed bumps are on the outs – and should be. They represent an antiquated solution to a legitimate problem – one where alternative solutions offer more effective results without the considerable side effects.

Choosing the Right Radar Speed Sign

1.  Displays with built-in data collection features can be valuable, saving staff time in conducting future studies or proving effectiveness.

2.  Choose sign features based upon need. In some cases, simple signs may be best. Additional features such as data collection may increase technical issues that require management. Also, additional features typically come with additional costs.

3.  Choose a sign that provides a settable speed threshold limit. This prevents drivers from testing to see how high they can get the display to register.

I would like to add a few to this list.

1. Choose signs that look official. There are lots of models out on the market today. Some simply look wrong.  MUTCD provides design guidelines that govern everything from the color and shape of the sign to the size and style of lettering. Even if your application does not require MUTCD compliance, the effectiveness of the display is contingent upon driver perceptions of its legitimacy.
2. Vandal resistance. Displays will get abused. Choose a radar speed sign that is resistant to being hit, slammed and shot at. Solid-state designs are best. Shields protecting the display are important.
3. Easy to repair. If a display is damaged, it’s important that a non expert can easily fix it - in the field. Some radar speed signs require that the display be taken down and sent back to the factory. Others can be easily repaired right from where they are mounted.
4. Clear, visible and focused. Today’s top rated display signs offer designs that make them clearly visible only to THOSE DRIVERS BEING TARGETED. Poorly designed signs can easily distract unintended drivers.

The Bellevue study has several tips for radar speed sign placement. These include:

1. 

   Mounting considerations - radar speed signs

   Set up the radar speed sign at a location that has a minimum distance of 300 feet of clear sight between the display and the drivers.

2. Choose a spot with a convenient power source nearby. If this is not possible, consider solar powered displays.
3. Solar powered signs work best where light levels are adequate for the sign application.
4. Chose a spot where the light from the display will not disrupt homeowners.
5. Avoid obstructions. Try to avoid locations where parked cars and other objects may obstruct the view of oncoming motorists.

Once the location for the radar speed sign is chosen. The Bellevue report provides the following tips on installation:

1. Install the sign at an appropriate angle so that the radar can pick up passing motorists (specified by the manufacturer).
2. Mount with concrete footing.
3. Install at a minimum height of seven feet from the bottom edge of the sign to the ground.
4. Include a posted speed limit sign above the radar speed sign.

We really owe the city of Bellevue our gratitude for sharing this information and personal experience with the rest of us concerned with traffic safety. Their report shares important data that serves as an excellent guide for others looking to slow traffic and increase pedestrian safety.